某电解铅厂周边农田土壤和玉米中铅污染评价及同位素溯源研究

为探究铅在土壤-玉米-大气中的迁移转化行为,以某电解铅厂周边农田土壤和玉米为研究对象,采集距排烟口50 m、110 m、300 m、500 m、700 m、900 m和3 000 m处的土壤和玉米样品,利用原子吸收光谱仪(AAS)和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)分别测定土壤、玉米和大气样品的铅含量和同位素比值。结果表明:电解铅厂周边的玉米均受到铅的污染,玉米根中的铅主要来自土壤,籽粒中的铅很有可能大部分来自大气,少部分来自土壤,茎中的铅很可能来自土壤而不是叶面传输;籽粒中的铅与叶片中的铅具有显著的相关关系(P0.01),相关方程为y=-0.0002x~2+0.0461x-0.4643,R=0.966 7。     

干湿循环和吸力对非饱和下蜀土力学特性影响的试验研究

为研究干湿循环和吸力共同作用对非饱和下蜀土力学特性的影响,选取镇江某边坡的下蜀土为研究对象,通过非饱和直剪试验,对不同干湿循环次数及吸力水平下下蜀土力学特性的变化规律进行了研究.结果 表明:随着干湿循环次数的增加,下蜀土表面裂隙明显增加并具有不可逆性;下蜀土的抗剪强度经短暂增大后逐渐降低,并在第4次干湿循环作用后趋于稳定;下蜀土的黏聚力在经历短暂提高后逐渐降低并趋于稳定,而其内摩擦角则随干湿循环次数的增加变化幅度较小,呈上下波动态势;相同干湿循环次数下,吸力的存在对于下蜀土的黏聚力具有提升作用,而对土体内摩擦角的影响则不明显.研究结果可为干湿循环作用下下蜀土边坡的稳定性分析提供计算参数,具有实际工程意义.     

Study on the Centralization Strategy of the Blood Allocation Among Different Departments within a Hospital

By far, the researches on how to distribute blood products among different departments in hospital have not been further studied, though the problem of blood shortage and wastage that caused by improper blood allocation is severe, which may endanger patient’s lives and impose considerable costs on hospitals. In order to solve this problem, this paper mainly studies on how to distribute the blood items among different departments within a hospital and investigates the allocation approach with the novel management method by centralizing the inventory of several different departments. By integrating the blood inventory requirements of some departments, the hospital could reduce the rate of blood shortage and wastage effectively, release the pressure of the occupancy of resources and reduce the bullwhip effect of blood products. This paper illustrates the centralization principle in hospital and formulates the mixed integer programming model to work out the optimal allocation network scheme and the optimal inventory setting for every department. And the results of the numerical example demonstrate that this centralization method could considerably reduce blood shortage and wastage in hospital by about 72% and 90% respectively. Furthermore, it could decrease the total cost by about 108,540 RMB a month on blood supply chain management in the hospital and improve the effect of some certain surgeries by transfusing the fresh blood to patients.     

Defining G protein-coupled receptor peptide ligand expressomes and signalomes in human and mouse islets

Introduction

Islets synthesise and secrete numerous peptides, some of which are known to be important regulators of islet function and glucose homeostasis. In this study, we quantified mRNAs encoding all peptide ligands of islet G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in isolated human and mouse islets and carried out in vitro islet hormone secretion studies to provide functional confirmation for the species-specific role of peptide YY (PYY) in mouse islets.

Materials and methods

GPCR peptide ligand mRNAs in human and mouse islets were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR relative to the reference genes ACTB, GAPDH, PPIA, TBP and TFRC. The pathways connecting GPCR peptide ligands with their receptors were identified by manual searches in the PubMed, IUPHAR and Ingenuity databases. Distribution of PYY protein in mouse and human islets was determined by immunohistochemistry. Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion from islets was measured by radioimmunoassay.

Results

We have quantified GPCR peptide ligand mRNA expression in human and mouse islets and created specific signalomes mapping the pathways by which islet peptide ligands regulate human and mouse GPCR signalling. We also identified species-specific islet expression of several GPCR ligands. In particular, PYY mRNA levels were ~ 40,000-fold higher in mouse than human islets, suggesting a more important role of locally secreted Pyy in mouse islets. This was confirmed by IHC and functional experiments measuring insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion.

Discussion

The detailed human and mouse islet GPCR peptide ligand atlases will allow accurate translation of mouse islet functional studies for the identification of GPCR/peptide signalling pathways relevant for human physiology, which may lead to novel treatment modalities of diabetes and metabolic disease.

     

The Life-Cycle Model with Optimal Retiring Age and Simulation

In this paper, a life-cycle model with retirement is set up to study how an individual chooses the optimal retiring age on account of wage growth rate, longevity and healthy state. It is proved that there exists optimal retiring age under given conditions. The numerical simulations are given to show how wage growth rate, longevity and healthy state affect retiring age.     

财经类高校大学生应用科技能力培养新模式

近年来,随着社会经济的不断快速发展,社会对于人才的需求也有了更高的要求.针对当前财经类人才的需求与供给之间,市场的大量需求与财经类人才就业难同时存在等愈加明显的矛盾,该文就当前财经类高校本科教育中所存在的不足和弊端,以国内外研究为基础,针对学生应用科技能力的培养,提出了"两个结合、三个模块"和"五个方向"的"2+3+5"组织教学模式体系,并对金融工程专业学生实施了实证教学分析和调查研究.在"2+3+5"培养模式下,金融工程专业学生的创新、应用科技能力以及综合素质均得到了较大的提高.     

基于PEST分析法的网络教育新环境研究

我国网络教育经过十多年的发展，取得了巨大的成就。随着经济社会的发展，支撑网络教育发展的环境也发生了深刻的变化。本文运用PEST分析法，深入分析了当前我国网络教育环境：我国的网络教育正在得到政策、经济、社会和技术条件的大力支持，处于一个最佳的发展环境中，但依然存在着学生支持薄弱、网络教育基础设施和学习资源大量重复建设、学习成本居高不下等问题。分析网络教育新环境，并提出网络教育的努力方向，有助于推动我国全民学习、终身学习体系的构建。     

光度滴定法判断COD的滴定终点

提出了判断化学需氧量(COD)滴定终点的新方法——光度滴定法,分析比较了光度滴定法和现有国标法的区别。试验结果表明:滴定终点红褐色溶液最佳吸收可见光波长是510 nm;滴定反应速度不影响光度滴定终点的确定;光度滴定曲线能够较好地确定滴定终点;实际水样测定中,国标法和光度滴定法的滴定终点判断误差分别为1.12%和0.84%;光度滴定法的相对标准偏差小于1.20%,与国标法相比无显著性差异。光度滴定法以光学的角度判断COD的滴定终点,避免了国标法的视觉判断误差,为未来检测仪器的全自动化提供了新思路。     

慢跑鞋的足底压强分析与功能评价

采用德国Novel公司的Pedar鞋垫式(in-sole)足底压力测量系统,对6款适合于健身长跑和中长跑运动员训练或公路比赛所穿的慢跑鞋和1款体操鞋(模拟赤足状态)进行3个速度下的足底压强测量.通过步态周期(TGC)、最大地面反作用力(Fmax)、最大足底压强(pmax)、力量-时间积分值(∫Fdt)以及压强-时间积分值(∫pdt)等参数的分析,对各款运动鞋的功能特性进行了初步评价,建立了初步的评价标准.     

A MULTI-ATTRIBUTE LARGE GROUP EMERGENCY DECISION MAKING METHOD BASED ON GROUP PREFERENCE CONSISTENCY OF GENERALIZED INTERVAL-VALUED TRAPEZOIDAL FUZZY NUMBERS

In this paper,a new decision making approach is proposed for the multi-attribute large group emergency decision-making problem that attribute weights are unknown and expert preference information is expressed by generalized interval-valued trapezoidal fuzzy numbers(GITFNs).Firstly,a degree of similarity formula between GITFNs is presented.Secondly,expert preference information on different alternatives is clustered into several aggregations via the fuzzy clustering method.As the clustering proceeds,an index of group preference consistency is introduced to ensure the clustering effect,and then the group preference information on different alternatives is obtained.Thirdly,the TOPSIS method is used to rank the alternatives.Finally,an example is taken to show the feasibility and effectiveness of this approach.These method can ensure the consistency degree of group preference,thus decision efficiency of emergency response activities can be improved.